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Treaty Areas
We Are All Treaty People

Treaty Areas

A visit to Manitoba means travelling through Treaty 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Territory and through communities who are signatories to Treaties 6 and 10. It encompasses the original lands of the Anishinaabeg, Anish-Ininiwak, Dakota, Dene, Ininiwak and Nehethowuk and the homeland of the Métis.

Manitoba's ongoing existence is thanks to these ancestors and their present-day relatives, who continue to love and care for the land. Acknowledging these original caretakers is a reminder of our unique heritage, our important relationships, and our obligations to and shared responsibilities with Indigenous peoples.

Numbered Treaties In Manitoba

A group of people stands in a paved clearing between two buildings with colourful Star Blanket murals.

Treaty No. 1

Treaty No. 1 was negotiated and entered into in August 1871 at Lower Fort Garry. Among the communities sharing obligations and benefits of Treaty No. 1 are: Winnipeg, Brandon, Portage La Prairie, Selkirk, Steinbach, Grand Beach, Emerson, Winkler and more.

A white tepee in a field with cut logs in front of the entrance.

Treaty No. 2

In August 1871, Treaty No. 2 was negotiated and entered into at Manitoba House. Brandon, Dauphin, Minnedosa and Virden are among those who share in the obligations and benefits of Treaty No. 2, which also encompasses Riding Mountain National Park.

A blue sign reading "The Turtle Lodge" in a green field at dusk, a building in the distance in the background.

Treaty No. 3

Manitoba’s Buffalo Point First Nation is a party to Treaty No. 3, which lies mostly within Ontario. This treaty was negotiated and entered into in 1873. Falcon Lake and most of Whiteshell Provincial Park are within the Treaty No. 3 area.

The back of a head with a long braid and eagle feather; as the person wearing traditional Indigenous regalia at at powwow.

Treaty No. 4

A small part of western Manitoba falls within Treaty No. 4, including the communities of Mafeking and Swan River among others. Most of Treaty No. 4 is found in Saskatchewan, where this treaty was negotiated and entered into at Fort Qu’Appelle in 1874.

A person in a fringed beaded leather jacker, plaid shirt, and fur hat stands inside in a crowd of people in similar dress.

Treaty No. 5 & No. 5 Adhesion

Treaty No. 5, concluded at Berens River in 1875, was negotiated and entered into by the largest number of First Nations communities within Manitoba at different locations and times. It includes the Manitoba communities of The Pas, Wabowden, and more.

A hand touches a long piece of wood painted with colourful designs, including a medicine wheel and Métis-style flowers.

Treaty No. 6 Adhesion

Two Manitoba First Nations negotiated and entered into Treaty No. 6 (most of which exists in Saskatchewan) in 1876. Among the Manitoba communities that share in the benefits and obligations of Treaty No. 6 are Charles, Ruddock and Sherridon.

A polar bear walks along the edge of ice and open water, as seen from the air.

Treaty No. 10 Adhesion

Barren Lands and Northlands First Nation communities are covered by 1906's Treaty No. 10. While there are no Manitoba communities established this far north, we all still benefit from the Treaty because of development and resource extraction in the area.

Indigenous person dressed in traditional head dress, dancing with others at Manito Ahbee Festival pow wow.
Indigenous Experiences
Indigenous culture isn’t just a part of Manitoba’s past: it is alive and well in many experiences across the province.